Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition in which a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins.
The symptoms of a DVT can go unrecognised.
What causes DVT?
Deep vein thrombosis is usually caused by a combination of different underlying conditions:
Restricted movement
Blood flow in the veins is slowed down because of restricted movement for a long period of time (illness, after surgery, long-distance traveling).
Blood clots form more easily than normal
The risk of getting DVT is increased with a condition that causes blood to clot (coagulate)
more easily than normal. Some of these conditions include:
• cancer and cancer treatments
• heart disease and lung disease
• thrombophilia, a genetic condition where the blood has an increased tendency to clot
Infections or inflammation
Infections or inflammation can promote thrombus formation by affecting the lining surface of the vein, e.g. through vessel wall damage and increased coagulability.
Damaged blood vessels
If the wall of a blood vessel is damaged, it may become narrowed or blocked, which can cause a blood clot to form. Blood vessels can be damaged by injuries such as broken bones or severe muscle damage.
Pregnancy
DVTs are rare in pregnancy, although pregnant women are 3 to 4 times more likely to develop thrombosis than non-pregnant women of the same age. A clot can form at any stage of pregnancy and up to six weeks after giving birth.
In addition, several risk factors for the development of DVT exist.
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