Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition in which a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins.

The symptoms of a DVT can go unrecognised.

What causes DVT?

Deep vein thrombosis is usually caused by a combination of different underlying conditions:

Restricted movement

Blood flow in the veins is slowed down because of restricted movement for a long period of time (illness, after surgery, long-distance traveling).
Blood clots form more easily than normal

The risk of getting DVT is increased with a condition that causes blood to clot (coagulate)
more easily than normal. Some of these conditions include:

• cancer and cancer treatments
• heart disease and lung disease
• thrombophilia, a genetic condition where the blood has an increased tendency to clot

Infections or inflammation

Infections or inflammation can promote thrombus formation by affecting the lining surface of the vein, e.g. through vessel wall damage and increased coagulability.

Damaged blood vessels

If the wall of a blood vessel is damaged, it may become narrowed or blocked, which can cause a blood clot to form. Blood vessels can be damaged by injuries such as broken bones or severe muscle damage.

Pregnancy

DVTs are rare in pregnancy, although pregnant women are 3 to 4 times more likely to develop thrombosis than non-pregnant women of the same age. A clot can form at any stage of pregnancy and up to six weeks after giving birth.

In addition, several risk factors for the development of DVT exist.

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